Regression and simulation models for human and baboon brain parameters / Modelo regresivo y simulación para los parámetros cerebrales humanos y del babuino

The variations in morphometric parameter of mammalian brains may be influenced by process of functional complexity, evolution and adaptation. Comparative analysis of linear measurements of cerebrum in the human and baboon has shown morphometric differences. In the present study linear measurements from human and baboon cerebrum (n=10 each) were used to predict various values for human and baboon brain and body parameters through multiple regression models. The average brain weights were found to be 2.08 percent and 0.84 percent of the body weights for humans and baboons respectively. The elasticity of regression models revealed that unit percentage increase in Occipital-Frontal (OF) distance would increase the human brain weight by 66.19 percent, while the baboon brain weight would increase by 7.63 percent. The unit percentage increase in the Height of Temporal Lobe (HTL) would increase the human brain weight by 16.28 percent, while the baboon brain weight would increase by only 0.28 percent. Unit percentage increase in Frontal-Temporal (FT) distance would decrease the human and baboon brain weights by 14.04 percent and 0.46 percent respectively. Inter-species values were also predicted through simulation techniques by using the ratios of model parameters with application of programming language Python. The OF, FT and HTL values for human were found to be 2.01 times, 1.55 times and 1.91 times respectively to that of baboon.

Las variaciones en los parámetros morfométricos del cerebro de los mamíferos pueden estar influenciadas por el proceso de complejidad funcional de la evolución y adaptación. Análisis comparativo de las mediciones lineales del cerebro en el humano y babuino han puesto de manifiesto las diferencias morfométricas. En este estudio las mediciones lineales del cerebro humano y babuinos (n = 10 cada uno) fueron utilizados para predecir los valores distintivos para el cerebro de humanos y monos babuinos y los parámetros del cuerpo a través de modelos de regresión múltiple. El peso medio del cerebro resultó ser 2,08 por ciento y 0,84 por ciento del peso corporal de los seres humanos y los babuinos, respectivamente. La elasticidad de los modelos de regresión reveló que el aumento de una unidad porcentual en la distancia occipital-frontal (DE) aumentaría el peso del cerebro humano en 66,19 por ciento, mientras que el peso del cerebro babuino se incrementaría en 7,63 por ciento. El porcentaje de aumento en la altura de lóbulo temporal (HTL) aumentaría el peso del cerebro humano en 16,28 por ciento, mientras que el peso del cerebro babuino aumentaría en sólo el 0,28 por ciento. Si aumenta la distancia frontal-temporal (FT) se reduciría el peso del cerebro humano y babuinos en 14,04 por ciento y 0,46 por ciento, respectivamente. También se prevéen valores entre las especies a través de técnicas de simulación, mediante el uso de proporciones de los parámetros del modelo con la aplicación del lenguaje de programación Python. Los valores humanos de DE, FT y HTL resultaron ser 2,01, 1,55 y 1,91 veces, respectivamente con respecto a la de los babuinos.

[Max Flesch (1852-1943): veterinary anatomist, physician and Nazi victim]. / Max Flesch (1852-1943): Veterinäranatom, Arzt und NS-Opfer.

The Jewish physician Dr. med. Max Flesch, a student of the Würzburger anatomist Albert von Kölliker (1817-1905), was professor of anatomy, histology and embryology at the School of Veterinary Medicine in Bern from 1882-1887. He was the first at that school who unified the three anatomical fields in one hand. From his Institute came Oskar Rubeli (1861-1952) who was also his successor. From 1888 on Max Flesch was engaged as practitioner and later as gynaecologist. During the First World War he proved his worth as a hospital physician. After the war he most likely was working for another decade in his practice in Frankfurt before retiring in Hochwaldhausen at the Hessian Vogelsberg. During his retirement Flesch published his experiences as 1 nurse and hospital physician, respectively during the wars 1870/71 and 1914-1918. With the assumption of power by the National Socialists the living conditions for Jews in Germany radically changed; also Max Flesch became victim of the Nazi racism. Although very old he was carried off 1942 into the concentration camp Theresienstadt where he lost his life in May 1943. We owe Max Flesch honourable remembrance.

[Compendium of the history of veterinary anatomy of Rumania: for the 100th birthday of one of their most famous anatomists, Vasile Ghetie]. / Abriss der geschichte der veterinäranatomie Rumäniens. Zum 100. Geburtstag ihres bedeutendsten anatomen, Vasile Ghetie.

The lessons of veterinary anatomy, firstly it was called "Zootomie", began in Rumania in 1853 and took place at educational establishments for ambulances and at schools for human medicine. The first veterinary school of the country was opened at the 16th of May 1861. The academically trained anatomy began with Prof. Constantin Gavrilescu. The most famous representative of anatomy was Prof. Vasile Ghetie (1903-1990). His act of life positions him beside the great anatomists of the gone century Schmaltz, Barone and Grau.

[August Schummer (1902-1977): breaking ground for new corrosion casting anatomy]. / August Schummer (1902-1977): Wegbereiter einer neuzeitlichen Korrosionsanatomie.

About 70 years ago, when the so-called polymeric science succeeded in producing synthetic materials and making it available to industrial manufacturing, August Schummer intuitively recognized and reconnoitred the use of these new materials for corrosion casting anatomy. Through the employment of this method, which was named after him, an epoch-making step was achieved in the anatomy of corrosion casting. In the year that followed there has been a very successful progress in the exploration of blood vessels right through into the capillaries of the organs. On the occasion of the 100th birthday of August Schummer (born 13th of December 1902 in Saliste near Hermannstadt, died 1st of March 1977 in Giessen), former Professor of Veterinary Anatomy at the Universität Giessen, we commemorate the life and work of this exceptionally talented and passionate anatomist.

Museo anatómico veterinario de la Universidad de Murcia: gestión de su información para la planificación, organización, educación y acción cultural / Veterinary Anatomy Museum if the University of Murcia: Information Management fro the planning, organization, education and cultural action

Se describe el proceso de gestión realizado en el Museo Anatómico Veterinario de la Universidad de Murcia, para conseguir una mejora en su estructuración. Se han aplicado técnicas museísticas adecuadas al contenido de la institución en consonancia con los medios materiales y humanos. Asimismo, la tarea realizada ha contribuido a un desarrollo de la función educativa, y a que el museo se muestre como instrumento de difusión cultural, ayudada por la incursión en el entorno web. Hay que señalar que todo el proceso está sostenido por las importantes colecciones que alberga el museo. (AU)

Lateral sellar compartment O.T. (cavernous sinus): history, anatomy, terminology.

Claudios Galen (119-199 a.d.) dissected lower animals with parasellar carotid retia bathed in venous blood and transposed his findings to human anatomy. Andreas Vesalius (1514-1564) corrected most of Galen's errors but apparently never looked into this small, extradural compartment, nor, apparently, did Winslow (Exposition Anatomique de la Structure du Corps Humain. London: N. Prevast, 1734), who christened it the "cavernous sinus," (CS) presumably thinking that it would resemble the corpora cavernosa of the penis. Multiple surgical explorations, gross dissections, microscopic views, and vascular casts from early fetuses to an 81 year old have been examined and reviewed. The CS is not a dural sinus nor is it cavernous. The compartment is extradural, and the venous structures contained within consist of a greatly variable plexus of extremely thin-walled veins. The name, CS, is a barrier to the understanding of the structure and function of this extradural anatomical jewel box, which contains fat, myelinated and nonmyelinated nerves, arteries, and a plexus of veins. It is proposed that this name be changed, because it is inaccurate and misleading. The replacement should leave no doubt about its meaning. The lateral sellar compartment is descriptive and accurate. The veins within are a parasellar plexus.

[Ernst Friedrich Gurlt (1794-1882)]. / Ernst Friedrich Gurlt (1794-1882).

Ernst Friedrich Gurlt (1794-1882) is the founder of the comparative veterinary anatomy on a solid scientific basis. The integration of the human being into the comparative study and the continuous linkage between human anatomy and veterinary anatomy feature him in the same time as a distinguished pioneer of the comparative anatomy. Beside this, Gurlt has merits in physiology and post mortem anatomy. This publication contains a short life story and a laudation of the work of Ernst Friedrich Gurlt, which was active at the Veterinary School at Berlin more than a half century, from 1819 to 1870.